A Detailed Explanation of the History and Overview of Fukuoka Castle

 

　Table of Contents

1. Overview of Fukuoka Castle
2. History of Fukuoka Castle
3. Highlights of Fukuoka Castle
   

Introduction

Fukuoka Castle, once the residence of the Kuroda clan who ruled the Chikuzen Province, is a significant historical site in Fukuoka City. Today, the grand remnants of this castle are preserved in Maizuru Park, a beloved location for both locals and tourists. Built in the early Edo period, Fukuoka Castle not only holds historical value but also continues to captivate visitors with its beautiful scenery and rich natural surroundings.

In this article, we will explore the overview, history, and key attractions of Fukuoka Castle. Experience the charm of Fukuoka Castle, where history and nature intertwine.

1. Overview of Fukuoka Castle 

Located in Chūō-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Castle is a historic castle ruin that dates back to the early Edo period. The castle was constructed by Kuroda Nagamasa, the feudal lord of the Chikuzen Province (now Fukuoka Prefecture), over a span of seven years, beginning in 1601. Fukuoka Castle is also known as "Maizuru Castle" and was originally built on a vast site in the heart of what is now Fukuoka City. The castle was surrounded by moats and stone walls, although the main keep (tenshu) no longer exists. Today, the remnants of the castle, including the honmaru (main enclosure), yagura (turrets), and stone walls, offer a glimpse into its past grandeur.。

Historically, the construction of Fukuoka Castle was initiated as a result of Kuroda Nagamasa's significant contributions to the Battle of Sekigahara, which earned him the domain of Chikuzen with a 520,000-koku stipend. The Kuroda clan abandoned their previous stronghold, Najima Castle, to establish this new fortress. The design of Fukuoka Castle is attributed to Nagamasa's father, Kuroda Yoshitaka (also known as Kuroda Kanbei), a renowned strategist. The castle incorporated the most advanced construction techniques of the time.

Fukuoka Castle is classified as a "hirayamajiro," a type of castle built on a low hill. It was constructed across what is now Maizuru Park, with a substantial size, featuring multiple baileys (sannomaru, ninomaru, honmaru) and various yagura and gates. The total length of its stone walls extended approximately 6 kilometers. The castle's presence played a significant role in the development of Fukuoka as a castle town.

As one of the largest "hirayamajiro" from the Edo period, Fukuoka Castle covered an area of about 470,000 square meters. The layout centered around the honmaru, surrounded by ninomaru and sannomaru, with numerous yagura dispersed around the site. The "Tamon Yagura," in particular, remains an important cultural asset, symbolizing the castle. The moats surrounding the castle provided excellent defensive capabilities, reflecting sophisticated military architecture.

Due to its historical and cultural significance, Fukuoka Castle has been designated as a "Fukuoka Prefectural Historic Site." Preservation efforts have been ongoing, with continuous investigations and restoration of the castle's ruins and artifacts. In 2014, significant restoration work was completed on the Otemon Gate and stone walls, contributing to the castle's historical landscape. The existing yagura and stone walls continue to stand as vital remnants that convey the castle's former grandeur.

2. History of Fukuoka Castle 

We will accurately explain the history of Fukuoka Castle by dividing the major events into sections.

　1. Background of Construction and the Arrival of the Kuroda Clan (1601–1607)

The construction of Fukuoka Castle began in 1601 under the leadership of Kuroda Nagamasa, who was awarded control of the Chikuzen Province (modern-day Fukuoka Prefecture) with a domain of 520,000 koku due to his significant contributions during the Battle of Sekigahara. Originally based at Najima Castle, the Kuroda family decided to build a new castle in Fukuoka to strengthen their governance and establish a political and economic center. The castle's design was heavily influenced by Nagamasa's father, Kuroda Yoshitaka (Kuroda Kanbei), a renowned strategist, and incorporated the latest construction techniques of the time. The castle was completed in 1607, and the Kuroda clan established Fukuoka Castle as their main residence.

　2. Fukuoka Castle during the Edo Period (1607–1868)

Throughout the Edo period, Fukuoka Castle served as the main residence of the Kuroda family and as the political and military center of the Fukuoka domain. The castle town of Fukuoka grew in importance, becoming a major commercial and cultural hub in Kyushu. Over time, the structure of the castle and the layout of the castle town were further developed, and the Kuroda clan maintained stable governance throughout the period. The area surrounding the castle was lined with samurai residences, contributing to the development of the castle town.

　3. The Abolition of the Domain System and the Abandonment of Fukuoka Castle (1871)

With the Meiji Restoration and the subsequent abolition of the domain system in 1871, Fukuoka Castle ceased to serve its original purpose. The castle was decommissioned, and most of its structures were dismantled, leaving only parts of the stone walls and moats. The castle grounds were repurposed for public use, leading to the establishment of parks and public facilities on the site.

　4. Preservation of the Fukuoka Castle Ruins and Development of Maizuru Park (Early 20th Century–Present)

In the early 20th century, efforts began to develop the Fukuoka Castle site into a public park, now known as Maizuru Park. The park became widely known for its cherry blossoms, attracting many visitors each year. Key structures like the Tamon Yagura and the ruins of the Kōroku-kan have been preserved, highlighting the historical significance of the site. Recent years have seen ongoing restoration and conservation efforts, further enhancing the historical landscape and promoting the castle ruins as an important cultural heritage site.

　5. The Significance of Fukuoka Castle Ruins in Modern Times

Today, the Fukuoka Castle ruins, located in the heart of Fukuoka City, remain a valuable historical and cultural asset. The site, developed as Maizuru Park, serves as a popular recreational area for locals and as an educational and tourist destination. During the cherry blossom season, the park attracts numerous visitors who come to enjoy the beautiful scenery. Continued preservation efforts ensure that the ruins of Fukuoka Castle remain an important part of Fukuoka City's historical narrative.

3. Must-See Highlights of Fukuoka Castle 

Fukuoka Castle, a historical site that preserves the grandeur of a former feudal stronghold, is now a beloved part of Maizuru Park, attracting both tourists and locals. Here are some of the key highlights you shouldn't miss when visiting Fukuoka Castle.

　■ Tamon Yagura (Tamon Turret)

Tamon Yagura is one of the most significant structures remaining at Fukuoka Castle and has been designated as an Important Cultural Property by the Japanese government. The yagura, or turret, was originally built for defense and surveillance purposes, and the Tamon Yagura is particularly large and iconic, symbolizing the castle's formidable presence. Restored and open to the public, visitors can explore the interior to gain insight into the castle's architectural design and historical functions.

　■ Kōroku-kan Ruins

出展：福岡城公式HP

Within the grounds of Fukuoka Castle lies the archaeological site of Kōroku-kan, a Heian period guesthouse that served as a diplomatic reception hall. This ancient site played a crucial role in international relations during its time. Today, the remains of Kōroku-kan are housed in the Kōroku-kan Historical Exhibition Hall, where visitors can learn about its history and the findings from excavations, offering a glimpse into ancient cultural exchanges.

　■ Honmaru (Main Keep) Ruins

The Honmaru, or Main Keep, was the heart of Fukuoka Castle, where the Kuroda clan resided. From the Honmaru ruins, visitors can enjoy panoramic views of Fukuoka City, especially breathtaking during the cherry blossom season. The site also features the remains of the tenshudai (the foundation of the main tower), which allows visitors to imagine the castle's original grandeur, despite the absence of the main keep.

　■ Kinen Yagura (Kinen Turret)

Located in the second bailey of the castle, Kinen Yagura once served as a storage area for weapons and ammunition. The turret has been restored and is now open for viewing. The beautiful stone walls surrounding the Kinen Yagura provide insight into the castle's defensive structures, and the view from the turret, especially at sunset, offers a magical experience where history meets nature.

　■ Shitanohashi Gate

Shitanohashi Gate is one of the main gates on the west side of Fukuoka Castle. Originally built in 1805 as a turret gate, the gate lost its turret during the Meiji Restoration but was reconstructed after a fire in 2000. The current two-story gate was carefully reconstructed using historical documents and photographs, restoring its historical appearance.

　■ Cherry Blossom Viewing

Fukuoka Castle is also renowned as a prime cherry blossom viewing spot. Hundreds of cherry trees are planted throughout Maizuru Park, attracting crowds every spring. The area around the Honmaru and Tamon Yagura offers some of the best viewing spots. The cherry blossoms are beautifully illuminated at night, creating a different, more ethereal experience compared to the daytime.

　■ Restored Stone Walls

The stone walls of Fukuoka Castle, built during the Edo period, are among the most remarkable remnants of the castle's original structure. These walls were essential to the castle's defense and are known for their precision and durability. Restoration work on the stone walls continues today, allowing visitors to appreciate the advanced construction techniques of the time and the impressive scale of the castle.​

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 In Conclusion 

Fukuoka Castle is more than just a historical site; it remains a significant cultural asset in the heart of Fukuoka City today. The majestic stone walls, turrets, and the beauty of the cherry blossoms harmoniously combine history and nature, providing visitors with a deep sense of this unique blend. Walking through the Fukuoka Castle ruins allows you to appreciate the connection between the past and the present in a more profound way.

As you reflect on the history, enjoy the rich nature of Fukuoka Castle and fully embrace its charm.

This translation has been crafted to maintain the original intent and details of the Japanese text while ensuring it reads naturally and effectively for an English-speaking audience.