🕓 2024/9/24
＃神社
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Ōmiwa Shrine is deeply connected to Japan’s history and is regarded as one of the most fundamental sites of Shinto worship. Its origins trace back to the mythological age, and it is unique in that it enshrines Mount Miwa itself as the deity, embodying a form of worship centered on nature. Unlike typical shrines, it has no main hall (honden), as nature itself is revered as sacred. This shrine evokes a profound sense of connection between nature and the spiritual lives of people.
In this article, we will explore the history, highlights, and distinctive faith practices of Ōmiwa Shrine in detail.
Ōmiwa Shrine, located in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture, is one of Japan's oldest shrines and is also known as "Miwa Myōjin" or "Miwa Shrine." The primary deity enshrined here is Ōmononushi-no-Ōkami, a god associated with the creation of the nation. As a central site of mountain worship, the shrine has played an important role since ancient times. Its significance is recorded in Japan’s oldest chronicles, the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, where it is mentioned in connection with key moments in the founding of the nation, such as Emperor Jimmu's eastern campaign and the establishment of the Yamato court.
The most distinctive feature of Ōmiwa Shrine is that it has no main sanctuary (honden). Instead, Mount Miwa, which rises behind the shrine, is venerated as the sacred body of the deity itself. This is a rare example of ancient Shinto practices still preserved today, where nature itself, specifically the mountain, is worshipped as the deity. This unique style of worship reflects the ancient belief in the inseparable connection between nature and the divine, which continues to draw both worshippers and researchers.
Throughout the year, a variety of rituals and festivals are held at the shrine. Among them, the Spring Ōmiwa Festival in April and the Autumn Ōmiwa Festival in November are particularly important, focusing on prayers for abundant harvests and national peace. In June, the Onbara Festival is held, which is dedicated to warding off epidemics and misfortune. Visitors can also hike up the sacred Mount Miwa, though permission is required, and visitors must follow designated routes and times for the climb.
The shrine buildings, including the worship hall (haiden) and the offering hall (heiden), are designated as Important Cultural Properties of Japan. Additionally, the shrine holds many ancient treasures and documents, offering valuable insights into Japan’s history and cultural heritage.
Ōmiwa Shrine is known as one of the oldest shrines in Japan, with origins that date back to the age of the gods. Below, we present key events in Ōmiwa Shrine’s history based on accurate information.
1. Establishment and Origins of Sacred Mountain Worship（神代）
The foundation of Ōmiwa Shrine is said to trace back to the age of the gods, making it one of Japan’s oldest shrines. Ancient texts such as the Kojiki (compiled in 712) and the Nihon Shoki (compiled in 720) record that the shrine’s primary deity, Ōmononushi-no-Ōkami, played an important role as a god of nation-building and agriculture.
The practice of worshipping Mount Miwa itself as the sacred body of the deity is an ancient form of nature worship, and it is considered the origin of mountain worship in Japan.
2. Flourishing in the Nara Period (710–794)
During the Nara period, Ōmiwa Shrine received strong reverence from the imperial court. It is listed in the Engishiki Jinmyōchō (a shrine registry compiled in 927), establishing its status as an official shrine. During this time, national rituals and ceremonies were frequently held at Ōmiwa Shrine, which flourished as a central religious site in Yamato Province.
The shrine also contributed to the development of local agriculture and the surrounding area, earning the devotion of many people.
3. Changes and Turmoil in the Medieval Period (12th–16th centuries)
During the late Heian through to the Sengoku period (12th–16th centuries), Ōmiwa Shrine faced many difficulties due to the social upheaval and repeated conflicts of the era.
The shrine’s buildings were damaged or lost in several conflicts, particularly during the Nanboku-chō period (1336–1392) and the Warring States period (1467–1590). However, thanks to the efforts of local rulers and devotees, the shrine’s buildings were gradually rebuilt, and the rituals continued. During this time, elements of Buddhism were incorporated, reflecting the influence of the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, which resulted in a more diverse religious practice.
4. Revival and Expansion of Faith in the Edo Period (1603–1868)
With the peace and stability brought by the Tokugawa shogunate during the Edo period (1603–1868), Ōmiwa Shrine began to recover and prosper again. Contributions from the shogunate and local lords helped restore the shrine’s buildings and treasures.
The development of pilgrimage routes and the enhancement of festivals further increased the shrine’s popularity among the general public, and it became affectionately known as "Omiwa-san." Many pilgrims from across Japan visited the shrine. This period also saw the spread of local products such as Miwa somen noodles, contributing to the region’s economic development.
5. The Meiji Restoration and Separation of Shinto and Buddhism (1868–Meiji period)
After the Meiji Restoration (1868), the government enforced a policy of separating Shinto and Buddhism, which also affected Ōmiwa Shrine. Buddhist elements, which had coexisted until then, were removed, and a purer form of Shinto was emphasized.
Under the system of State Shinto, Ōmiwa Shrine was elevated to the status of a kanpei taisha (imperial shrine), further solidifying its importance as a national religious institution. Despite these changes, the shrine maintained its traditional rituals and devotion throughout this transformative period.
6. Modern Times and Cultural Preservation (20th century–present)
Following the turbulent post-war period, Ōmiwa Shrine regained its place as a center of faith and tradition. Through the Shōwa (1926–1989), Heisei (1989–2019), and Reiwa (2019–) eras, the shrine has continuously worked to preserve its buildings, including the main worship hall and the large torii gate, which have been designated as Important Cultural Properties. The sacred Mount Miwa is also carefully protected as a holy site.
Through its ongoing rituals and ceremonies, Ōmiwa Shrine plays an active role in preserving faith and promoting the local culture.
7. The Significance of Ōmiwa Shrine Today
Today, Ōmiwa Shrine welcomes visitors from across Japan and around the world. Its traditional rituals, the sacred Mount Miwa pilgrimage, and festivals are highly regarded as symbols of the harmonious relationship between nature and humanity, reflecting the spiritual culture of Japan.
The shrine is also actively involved in environmental conservation and cultural activities, presenting its significance in new ways for modern society. Ōmiwa Shrine continues to serve as an important spiritual and cultural center, preserving Japan’s history and traditions for future generations.
Ōmiwa Shrine is one of Japan's oldest shrines, and it attracts numerous visitors with its mystical atmosphere and unique form of worship. Below are the key spots to visit and their highlights when exploring Ōmiwa Shrine.
■ Ōtorii (Grand Torii Gate)
The Ōtorii is one of the largest iron torii gates in Japan, standing at 32.2 meters tall and 23 meters wide. Built in 1990, its grandeur is visible from afar. The vibrant vermilion color harmonizes beautifully with the surrounding blue sky and greenery, making it a landmark of Nara Prefecture.
Passing through the gate symbolizes entering a sacred space from the everyday world. At night, the gate is illuminated, creating a magical atmosphere.
■ Haiden (Worship Hall)
Ōmiwa Shrine does not have a main hall; instead, the sacred Mount Miwa behind the shrine serves as the object of worship, a unique form of worship in Shinto. The Haiden (Worship Hall) is the central focus of prayers. The current Haiden was rebuilt in 1664 and has been designated an Important Cultural Property of Japan.
The elegant thatched cypress roof and intricate carvings exemplify the beauty of traditional Japanese architecture. From the front of the Haiden, you can see Mount Miwa, where worshippers direct their prayers. Inside the Haiden, there are ema (votive tablets) and treasures offered by past emperors and members of the imperial family, making it historically significant.
■ Mitsu Torii (Threefold Torii)
Located behind the Haiden, the Mitsu Torii is one of the most sacred places at Ōmiwa Shrine, marking the entrance to the sacred area of Mount Miwa. The structure consists of a central large torii flanked by two smaller torii, forming a rare and unique design in Japan.
The area beyond the Mitsu Torii is off-limits to the general public, as it is considered a holy area. Normally, the gate is covered by a white curtain, but during special ceremonies, the curtain is removed, revealing its mystical form.
■ Mount Miwa
Mount Miwa, standing at 467 meters, is revered as a sacred mountain and is the object of worship at Ōmiwa Shrine. To climb the mountain, visitors must register at Sai Shrine in advance. Photography and eating are prohibited during the ascent, and climbers are expected to maintain silence.
Along the trail are three sacred "Iwakura" (stone seats of deities), and at the summit, the deity Ōmononushi-no-Ōkami is enshrined at the Okutsu Iwakura. From the peak, you can enjoy a panoramic view of the Nara Basin and experience the spiritual tranquility of ancient nature.
■ Sai Shrine
Sai Shrine is dedicated to the god of healing, and it is widely believed to grant relief from illnesses. The sacred "Yaku-i-do" spring within the shrine produces water known as "Kusuri Mizu" (medicinal water), which is said to cure all kinds of ailments. Many visitors come to take some of this water home, though they are cautioned against taking too much.
For those without their own bottles, the shrine sells sacred water: 500 ml for 100 yen and 2 liters for 300 yen.
■ Meoto Iwa (Married Couple Rocks)
At the foot of Mount Miwa, the Meoto Iwa rocks are tied together with a sacred rope and are symbols of marital harmony and good relationships. These rocks are said to represent a love story between the god of Miwa and a human woman, making it a popular spot for couples seeking blessings for a strong relationship.
■ Kuehiko Shrine
Kuehiko Shrine enshrines Kuehiko-no-Mikoto, the god of wisdom, revered as a deity of learning. In the Kojiki, he is described as "the god who knows everything in the world." Many students and scholars come here to pray for success in exams and academic achievement. The shrine grounds are filled with votive tablets, and the peaceful atmosphere invites visitors to offer prayers.
■ Ōmiwa Shrine Treasure Hall
The Treasure Hall houses important artifacts related to the history and culture of Ōmiwa Shrine. Exhibits include swords, ritual implements, and ancient documents, offering a glimpse into the shrine’s deep historical significance. Visitors are advised to check opening dates and hours in advance, but it is a valuable place to learn more about the shrine’s cultural heritage.
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Ōmiwa Shrine stands as a spiritual pillar of Japanese culture, preserving its long history and sacred faith. The unique form of worship, which reveres nature and regards the mountain itself as the deity, continues to inspire countless visitors even today. As it protects its rich cultural treasures and traditional rituals, the shrine will continue to play its role as a symbol of Japan’s history and culture into the future.
We encourage you to visit this sacred site and experience the ancient faith and the mystery of nature firsthand.