A Detailed Explanation of the History and Overview of Dogo Onsen

 

　Table of Contents

1. Overview of Dogo Onsen
2. History of Dogo Onsen
3. Highlights of Dogo Onsen
   

Introduction

Dogo Onsen is known as one of the oldest hot springs in Japan, and its rich culture and tradition continue to thrive to this day. Located in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, Dogo Onsen boasts over 3,000 years of history and is mentioned in many historical texts and legends. For tourists, Dogo Onsen offers more than just a place to soak in the hot springs; the entire hot spring town has its own unique charm and attractions that visitors can enjoy.

In the following sections, we will provide a detailed explanation of Dogo Onsen’s overview, history, and the must-see highlights for those visiting the area.

1. Overview of Dogo Onsen 

Dogo Onsen, located in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, is known as one of Japan's oldest hot springs. Its history stretches back over 3,000 years, and the renowned "Dogo Onsen Honkan" (main building) has been designated as an Important Cultural Property of Japan, emphasizing its high historical and cultural significance. Dogo Onsen is also mentioned in Japanese mythology and ancient literature, including the Man'yoshu and The Tale of Genji.

The iconic "Dogo Onsen Honkan" was constructed in 1894 (Meiji 27), and its three-story wooden architecture is famous for its grandeur. Inside the Honkan, visitors can enjoy various bathing styles at baths such as "Kami no Yu" (Bath of the Gods) and "Tama no Yu" (Bath of the Spirits). Additionally, the second floor houses the "Yushinden," a special bath reserved for the Imperial family, which is a valuable example of Meiji-era architecture.

The hot spring waters at Dogo Onsen are alkaline simple springs, known for their smooth, clear, and colorless properties. The water is said to be beneficial for conditions such as rheumatism, neuralgia, and skin disorders. The gentle warmth of the water is popular among both locals and tourists for its relaxing effects.

The surrounding area is rich with tourist attractions, and the onsen town is lined with ryokan (traditional inns), souvenir shops, and restaurants, offering a relaxing experience for visitors. Dogo Onsen is also famous as the setting for Natsume Soseki's novel Botchan, and many people visit to explore the places associated with this literary classic.

2. History of Dogo Onsen 

Dogo Onsen is one of Japan’s oldest hot springs, with over 3,000 years of history. It has been cherished by people from ancient times to the present day. Below is a detailed explanation of its historical timeline.

　1. Around 3000 B.C. - The Origins of Dogo Onsen 

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The origins of Dogo Onsen are believed to date back around 3,000 years, which makes it one of the oldest hot springs in Japan. By this time, natural hot springs were already flowing in the area, and locals were believed to have used the hot waters for health and relaxation.

Archaeological remains found around Dogo Onsen suggest that ancient people utilized the hot springs, further highlighting its deep historical roots. The spring waters have long been worshiped as "Tama no Yu" (Sacred Hot Springs), believed to have spiritual healing properties for the body’s ailments.

　2. 593 A.D. - Visit by Emperor Jomei 

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The fame of Dogo Onsen grew significantly after the visit of Emperor Jomei in 593 A.D. This visit is recorded in Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan), showing that the onsen was highly regarded, even by the imperial family.

According to legend, the emperor recovered his health after bathing in the hot springs, and from that point on, Dogo Onsen became a prestigious destination for the imperial family and nobility. This solidified its position as a significant hot spring in ancient Japan, with its fame spreading all the way to the imperial court.

　3. 759 A.D. - Mention in the Man'yoshu 

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Dogo Onsen also appears in Man'yoshu, the oldest collection of Japanese poetry, compiled in 759 A.D. This shows that Dogo Onsen was not only widely known in ancient Japanese literature but was also highly regarded culturally.

In the Man'yoshu, there are poems describing how people enjoyed hot spring cures, suggesting that Dogo Onsen was not only a place for physical healing but also a social and cultural hub. By this time, Dogo Onsen had already become a beloved destination for many visitors, attracting people from a wide area.

　4. 1894 - Construction of Dogo Onsen Honkan 

※Image is for illustration purposes. 

The Dogo Onsen Honkan, which stands as the symbol of Dogo Onsen today, was built in 1894 during the Meiji era. At a time when Japan was embracing a mix of Western and traditional cultures, the Dogo Onsen Honkan was constructed as a masterpiece of traditional wooden architecture, further elevating the prestige of the onsen.

The Honkan is a three-story building adorned with lavish decorations and intricate craftsmanship. It also features the "Yushinden," a private bath reserved for the Imperial Family, built for Emperor Meiji. It was extremely rare for a public onsen facility to include an exclusive space for the imperial family, which added to the uniqueness of the Dogo Onsen Honkan.

　5. 2021 - Start of Renovation Project 

In 2021, a large-scale renovation project was launched to preserve and enhance Dogo Onsen Honkan for future generations. As the Honkan is designated as an Important Cultural Property of Japan, the project aims to maintain its historical and cultural significance while improving the structure’s durability with modern technology.

The renovation includes repairing deteriorated parts of the building and reinforcing it for earthquake resistance, all while preserving its cultural value. The renovation is divided into three phases, and during the construction period, certain areas of the facility remain open to visitors.

3. Highlights of Dogo Onsen 

Here, we introduce the main spots to visit at Dogo Onsen, highlighting must-see places for tourists and the unique appeal of each.

　■ Dogo Onsen Honkan 

The symbol of Dogo Onsen, the "Dogo Onsen Honkan," is a wooden hot spring facility built in 1894 and designated as an Important Cultural Property of Japan. This three-story building is renowned for its beautiful exterior and historical significance. Inside, there are popular historic baths such as "Kami no Yu" (Bath of the Gods) and "Tama no Yu" (Bath of the Spirits), both of which are accessible to the public.

Of particular note is the imperial bath "Yushinden," a private bath used by Emperor Meiji, which exudes a special atmosphere. Visitors can also take guided tours of the Honkan, allowing them not only to enjoy the hot springs but also to learn about the building’s architecture and history.

　■ Dogo Onsen Annex Asuka no Yu 

Opened in 2017, "Asuka no Yu" is an annex designed to complement the main Dogo Onsen Honkan. This facility features a modern design inspired by the architecture of the Asuka period, blending history with contemporary aesthetics.

Inside, in addition to the large public baths, there are private baths where visitors can enjoy a more personal and relaxed bathing experience. The facility also displays art installations, offering not only hot spring relaxation but also a cultural experience.

　■ Dogo Park 

Located near Dogo Onsen Honkan, "Dogo Park" is a spot you should visit while exploring the hot spring town. The park is situated on the former site of Yuzuki Castle, a satellite castle of Matsuyama Castle built during the Edo period. The park features a museum and remains of the castle’s moat, providing a glimpse into the history of Yuzuki Castle.

In spring, the park is well-known for its cherry blossoms, attracting both tourists and locals for hanami (flower viewing). After enjoying the hot springs, a stroll through the park offers a chance to appreciate both history and nature.

　■ Ishite-ji Temple 

About a 15-minute walk from Dogo Onsen is "Ishite-ji Temple," the 51st temple of the Shikoku Pilgrimage (Shikoku Hachijūhakkasho). This temple, like Dogo Onsen, has been a place of worship since ancient times and is a popular spot for visitors.

The temple features many attractions, including the main hall designated as a National Treasure, ancient Buddhist statues, and the imposing "Nio Gate." Especially noteworthy is the three-story pagoda, which was built in the Heian period and is celebrated for its beautiful craftsmanship.

　■ Dogo Haikara Street Shopping Arcade 

"Dogo Haikara Street," which stretches from Dogo Onsen Honkan, is the main shopping street in the hot spring town. It is lined with souvenir shops, cafés, and food vendors, making it a popular spot for tourists to explore.

Here, you can enjoy street food like hot spring manju (sweet buns) and gelato. Many of the shops are housed in old buildings, allowing visitors to experience the historical atmosphere of the hot spring town while shopping.

　■ Dogo Onsen Station 

A must-see spot when visiting Dogo Onsen is "Dogo Onsen Station." The station retains a retro atmosphere while incorporating modern design elements, making it a popular tourist destination. One of its most famous features is the restored "Botchan Train."

The Botchan Train is a replica of a steam locomotive that operated during the Meiji period, and it offers a sightseeing tour of Matsuyama City. Inside the station, there are exhibits about the history and culture of Dogo Onsen, allowing visitors to experience both the past and present of the area.

 Conclusion 

Dogo Onsen is more than just a hot spring resort; it is a place steeped in rich history and culture, offering a unique experience to all who visit. Its 3,000-year history, connections to the Imperial family, and the beautiful architecture and atmosphere that continue to attract many tourists today make Dogo Onsen unlike any other hot spring in Japan.

When you visit Dogo Onsen, you will not only enjoy the soothing warmth of the hot springs but also embark on a journey through the deep history and culture of this extraordinary place.