Ginzan Onsen: A Detailed Guide to Its History and Attractions

　Table of Contents

1. What is Ginzan Onsen?
2. The History of Ginzan Onsen
3. Must-See Attractions in Ginzan Onsen

Introduction

Nestled deep in the mountains of Yamagata Prefecture, Ginzan Onsen is a charming hot spring town that exudes Taisho-era romanticism and continues to captivate many travelers. The townscape, lined with Western-style wooden ryokan (traditional Japanese inns) along the Ginzan River, the soft glow of gas lamps illuminating the streets in winter, and the surrounding rich natural scenery that changes with the seasons, make this one of Japan’s most picturesque onsen destinations.

During the late Taisho to early Showa period, the foundation of the modern Ginzan Onsen town was established, creating the retro, Taisho-modern atmosphere that still exists today. Today, it remains a beloved destination where visitors can soak in the hot springs while immersing themselves in history and nostalgic charm.

This article delves into the history and must-see attractions of Ginzan Onsen, exploring the background of this enchanting hot spring town.

1. What is Ginzan Onsen? 

Ginzan Onsen is one of Japan’s most famous hot spring towns, quietly tucked away in the mountains of Obanazawa City, Yamagata Prefecture. The town originally prospered as a silver mining area, and since the Edo period, it has gradually developed into a hot spring resort.

Lining both sides of the Ginzan River, the town features multi-story, Western-style wooden ryokan built during the late Taisho to early Showa period, contributing to its nostalgic and charming atmosphere.

At night, gas lamps softly illuminate the streets, creating a magical scene that feels like stepping back in time. During winter, the snow-covered town is beautifully lit, making it one of the most photogenic onsen destinations in Japan. In spring and summer, lush greenery enhances the scenery, while autumn transforms the town with vibrant autumn leaves, making it a year-round attraction.

The hot spring water at Ginzan Onsen is classified as a sodium chloride-sulfate spring, which is colorless and clear with a subtle hydrogen sulfide aroma. The water is known for its healing properties, particularly for cuts, burns, chronic skin diseases, neuralgia, and muscle pain, making it a popular toji (therapeutic hot spring retreat) spot for centuries.

The town is also home to many shops offering local Yamagata delicacies and sweets. Here are some of the must-try foods in Ginzan Onsen:

1. Karintō Manjū
One of the signature sweets of Ginzan Onsen, this traditional Japanese confection features a crispy and fragrant outer layer, while the inside is filled with smooth, mildly sweet red bean paste. It’s a perfect snack to enjoy while strolling through the town.

2. Tama Konnyaku (Yamagata-style Konjac Skewers)
A local specialty of Yamagata Prefecture, tama konnyaku is a popular snack in Ginzan Onsen. These round, chewy konjac balls are slowly simmered in a sweet-savory soy sauce broth, making them a great on-the-go treat while exploring the onsen town.

3. Yamagata Soba at Local Soba RestaurantsYamagata is famous as one of Japan’s top soba-producing regions, and Ginzan Onsen is no exception. Many soba restaurants in the area serve handmade buckwheat noodles, including juwari soba (100% buckwheat soba). Due to Yamagata’s large temperature differences between day and night, the soba has a rich and deep flavor, making it a must-try dish when visiting.

Ginzan Onsen is not just a place to relax in hot springs, but a town rich in history, charming architecture, delicious local food, and stunning natural scenery. Whether you visit for a steamy hot spring bath, a nostalgic stroll through the gas-lit streets, or a refreshing nature walk, Ginzan Onsen promises an unforgettable experience.

2. The History of Ginzan Onsen 

Hidden deep within the mountains of Yamagata Prefecture, Ginzan Onsen is a picturesque hot spring town that feels like stepping back in time to the romantic Taisho era. However, this area did not originally prosper as an onsen town. As its name suggests, the history of Ginzan Onsen began with silver mining.

Here, we will explore the development of Ginzan Onsen throughout different periods and uncover how it transformed into the charming hot spring town it is today.

　1. 1456 – The Discovery of Nobesawa Silver Mine  

Image is for illustration purposes. 

In 1456, the history of Ginzan Onsen can be traced back to the discovery of a silver vein by Giga Ichirōzaemon, a prospector from Kaga Province (present-day Ishikawa Prefecture). The following year, full-scale mining operations began, leading to the establishment of what became known as Nobesawa Silver Mine (延沢銀山).

Nobesawa Silver Mine quickly became one of Japan’s most significant silver mining sites, marking the beginning of the region’s prosperity through silver extraction.

　2. 1574 – Revival by Mogami Yoshiaki  

Image is for illustration purposes. 

In the late 16th century, the silver deposits at Nobesawa Silver Mine began to decline, leading to a temporary downturn in the mining industry. As a result, the mining operations weakened, and many people abandoned the area. For approximately 70 years, the once-thriving region fell into decline.

However, in 1574, Mogami Yoshiaki, the lord of Yamagata Domain, and Nobesawa Noto-no-Kami, the local ruler, collaborated to revive the silver mine.

Thanks to these efforts, silver production resumed, the local economy was revitalized, and Nobesawa Silver Mine regained its prosperity.

　3. 1613 – Control by the Edo Shogunate 

Image is for illustration purposes. 

In 1613, during the early Edo period, the Tokugawa Shogunate took direct control of the silver mine, classifying it as a "Gokōgiyama" (御公儀山, Shogunate-owned mine).

During this period, Nobesawa Silver Mine reached its peak, attracting a large number of miners and merchants. At its height, it is said that around 1,600 houses were built in the area, forming a bustling mining town.

However, as the silver reserves dwindled, the mine’s importance gradually declined, leading to the eventual closure of large-scale mining operations.

　4. 18th Century – Decline of Silver Mining and Discovery of Hot Springs 

Image is for illustration purposes. 

With the decline of the silver mine, local residents began searching for new ways to utilize the land. During this process, they discovered natural hot springs bubbling up from the ground.

Recognizing the potential of the hot springs, Ginzan Onsen gradually developed as a healing retreat (toji) for people seeking the medicinal benefits of hot spring bathing. However, in 1913 (Taisho 2), a massive flood from the Ginzan River devastated the area, destroying many of the existing inns.

Despite this disaster, the local community rebuilt the town and further developed Ginzan Onsen as a proper hot spring resort, paving the way for its transformation into a renowned onsen destination.

　5. Early Showa Period – Growth into a Modern Hot Spring Resort 

Image is for illustration purposes. 

During the early Showa period, improvements in hot spring drilling technology allowed for the extraction of higher-temperature mineral water, leading to a boom in ryokan (traditional Japanese inn) construction.

Particularly, Western-influenced, multi-story wooden ryokan—heavily inspired by Taisho-era architectural trends—began to emerge. This led to the formation of the distinctive townscape that defines Ginzan Onsen today.

In 1985, the remains of Nobesawa Silver Mine were designated as a National Historic Site, highlighting the historical significance of the area. This recognition further increased Ginzan Onsen’s popularity, solidifying its status as both a cultural heritage site and a premier hot spring destination.

3. Must-See Attractions in Ginzan Onsen 

Ginzan Onsen, located in Obanazawa City, Yamagata Prefecture, is a charming Taisho-era inspired hot spring town that captivates visitors with its beautiful seasonal landscapes and various attractions. Below are some of the must-visit spots in Ginzan Onsen.

　■ Nobesawa Silver Mine Ruins 

The Nobesawa Silver Mine (延沢銀山), which gave Ginzan Onsen its name, was discovered in the 15th century and became one of Japan’s most prosperous silver mining sites. Today, the ruins have been designated a National Historic Site, and visitors can reach the area with a 15-minute walk from the onsen town.

Even in the heat of summer, the tunnels inside the mine remain cool. A well-maintained walking trail allows visitors to explore the site while learning about the history and mining techniques of the era. Additionally, guided tours are available, offering deeper insights into the mine’s historical significance. 

　■ Shirogane Park & Shirogane Falls 

Located at the far end of the onsen town, Shirogane Park (白銀公園) is a popular nature spot for walking and relaxation. At the park entrance, visitors can find Shirogane Falls (白銀の滝), a stunning waterfall with a 22-meter drop that showcases breathtaking seasonal views.

This area is particularly popular during the lush greenery of spring and summer and the vibrant foliage of autumn. The site includes rest areas and observation decks, allowing visitors to fully appreciate the natural beauty of the surroundings. 

　■ Public Bathhouse "Shirogane-yu" 

For those looking to enjoy a day-use onsen experience, the Shirogane-yu (しろがね湯) public bathhouse is a great option.

Featuring a modern architectural design with soft ambient lighting, this bathhouse provides a spacious indoor bath with natural hot spring water directly sourced from the onsen. Visitors can relax in the warm waters and then unwind in the dedicated rest area inside the facility.

　■ Waraku Foot Bath 

Located at the entrance of the onsen town along the Ginzan River, Waraku Foot Bath (和楽足湯) is a free communal foot bath facility that opened in 2001.

Visitors can enjoy a natural hot spring foot soak while admiring the surrounding mountains and nostalgic townscape. In the evening, the gentle glow of gas lamps creates a romantic atmosphere, making it a perfect spot to relax after exploring the town. 

　■ Street Food & Local Delicacies 

Ginzan Onsen is also home to various street food stalls and specialty shops offering delicious local treats. One of the most notable stops is Nogawa Tofu Shop (野川とうふ屋), a takeout-only tofu shop that serves "Yudofu" (hot tofu) and "Nama-age" (deep-fried tofu cutlets).

The crispy-on-the-outside, soft-on-the-inside "Nama-age" has a subtly sweet and savory flavor, making it a perfect warm snack to enjoy while strolling through the town.

 Final Thoughts 

Once a thriving silver mining site, Ginzan Onsen evolved over time into a renowned hot spring destination. Today, it continues to enchant visitors with its nostalgic Taisho-era charm and breathtaking scenery.

More than just a place to soak in hot springs, Ginzan Onsen offers a unique opportunity to experience history, culture, and relaxation all in one.

During the daytime, the town’s historic streets and natural surroundings make for an enjoyable stroll, while at night, gas lamps illuminate the streets, creating a magical, cinematic ambiance.

With its rich history and deep cultural roots, Ginzan Onsen invites visitors to slow down, unwind, and fully immerse themselves in its timeless beauty. Why not take a trip and experience its charm for yourself?