Detailed explanation of the history and outline of sumo

 

　table of contents

1. What is sumo?
2. history of sumo
3. sumo wrestler class
4. Sumo tools
5. A place where you can enjoy sumo
   

Introduction

Sumo wrestling is not just a sport, but a profound world where the traditions and culture of Japan come alive. With a history spanning hundreds of years, this competition, with its unique rules, ranking system, and specialized equipment, has fans not only in Japan but around the globe. Each moment that the wrestlers battle in the ring carries significance beyond merely determining the winner or loser. In this article, we will delve into the basics of sumo and further explore its allure.

We'll start with the fundamental knowledge of sumo, looking back at its history. Next, we'll explain the ranking system of the wrestlers, and touch upon the essential tools and attire of sumo. Finally, we will introduce places where sumo can be enjoyed and offer tips for watching matches, providing information to deepen your understanding and enjoyment of sumo.

1. What is Sumo?

Sumo is more than just a sport where wrestlers compete in a ring; it originates from ancient Japanese rituals and festivals and is also considered a martial art or a form of Japanese traditional combat sport. Professional sumo embodies these traditions as a form of entertainment, deeply imbued with cultural aspects. The history of sumo goes back to ancient times, to the era of myths, and its formation and development are closely tied to Japanese society and culture.

While sumo takes the form of a wrestling match on a clay ring, it is underpinned by a rich history and tradition, strict rules, and etiquette. Professional sumo, both nationally and internationally recognized, enjoys a fan base that cherishes the battles of the wrestlers. Amateur sumo, local rituals, and sumo as an entertainment also demonstrate the diversity and vitality of this traditional culture.

In sumo, there is a unique system of wrestler rankings, match rules, and formats. These are maintained while being updated over time to preserve the charm of sumo in the modern era.

2. The History of Sumo

The history of sumo can be traced back to the age of myths, establishing its status as a traditional Japanese cultural practice. Starting as a form of competition to express human primal instincts of combat, sumo is mentioned in ancient texts like "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki," showing its roots in myths and legends. Initially, it was performed as a ritual at festivals predicting the harvest, eventually evolving into a court event.​​

Through the Sengoku period and into the Edo period, sumo thrived as a form of entertainment for the masses, leading to the emergence of professional wrestlers. This era saw the establishment of sumo's foundations, with regular tournaments and the emergence of strong wrestlers like Tanikaze, Onogawa, and Raiden. The traditions of the ring-entering ceremony, ranking lists, ceremonial aprons, topknots, kimonos, and sumo matches have been passed down to the present day.

Sumo, a martial art, combat sport, and sport originating in Japan, is internationally recognized, especially professional sumo hosted by the Japan Sumo Association. Stemming from religious ceremonies, it emphasizes etiquette and maintains traditional lifestyles and appearances, distinguishing it from other professional sports.​​

3. Wrestler Rankings

In professional sumo, the rankings of wrestlers are as follows, from highest to lowest:

Yokozuna :

 
The highest rank in professional sumo, reserved for wrestlers who exhibit overwhelming ability and dignity. Yokozuna are symbols of sumo, expected to lead not just in tournaments but in the sumo world overall.

Ozeki :

 
Below Yokozuna, ozeki are wrestlers with consistent high performance. Promotion from ozeki to yokozuna is challenging, requiring exceptional achievements.

Sekiwake :

One of the top ranks in the makuuchi division, sekiwake wrestlers aim for promotion to ozeki and must consistently perform well in tournaments.

Komusubi :

 
Just below sekiwake, komusubi is a top makuuchi rank. Wrestlers here often aim for higher ranks.

Maegashira :

These wrestlers do not hold any special title within the makuuchi division. Their rank can change based on tournament performance.

Juryo :

 
Below the makuuchi division, juryo is the first step towards achieving a higher rank, with a fixed number of wrestlers.​​

Makushita : 
This is a rank below Juryo, and is the rank that wrestlers who aim to be promoted to Sekitori go through. The position from makushita onwards is called sekitori.

Third stage :

 
This class is located below the makushita and is an important step for young wrestlers to aim for promotion to a higher class.

Jo Nidan :

 
This is the rank below the third dan, and is the first position that new wrestlers under the shogunate experience.

Introduction :

 
It is the lowest rank in sumo wrestling, and is the first rank for new disciples who have just graduated from sumo school.

These ranks are determined based on the wrestler's ability, track record, and evaluation by the Sumo Association, based on performance at each venue. In particular, promotion to higher ranks requires a certain number of wins and performance, making it extremely competitive. 

4. Sumo Equipment

Mawashi :

 
The sole attire worn by wrestlers during matches, made of a thick fabric, playing a crucial role in their techniques and grip on the opponent.

The Ring：

Matches are held in a specially constructed ring, rebuilt for each tournament. Tools like hoes, nails, and other equipment are used to shape and firm up the ring.

Power Water：

Wrestlers purify themselves with this water before entering the ring, preparing for the sacred space.

Clappers：

Used by the sumo announcer to call wrestlers' names, enhancing the traditional atmosphere and tension before a match.​​

These tools are not only vital for the sport but also symbolize Japanese culture and tradition, showing sumo's significance beyond mere sport.

5. Enjoying Sumo

As places where you can enjoy sumo, we will introduce stadiums where you can actually watch sumo, facilities where you can experience sumo for yourself, and places where you can learn about the history and culture of sumo.。

Ryogoku Kokugikan (Tokyo)

It is the center of the Japanese sumo world, where the official sumo tournaments are held. A 15-day tournament is held several times a year, and sumo fans can enjoy the highest quality of sumo here. In addition to sumo wrestling, various other events are also held at the Kokugikan.

Asakusa sumo experience

This program can be experienced in the Asakusa area of ​​Tokyo, and is popular with many people, including foreign tourists visiting Japan. Participants can learn basic sumo techniques and how to fight directly from actual sumo wrestlers and sumo instructors. You can also receive explanations about the history and rules of sumo, and gain a deep understanding of the cultural background of sumo.


This experience is recommended not only for those interested in sumo, but also for foreign tourists who want to experience Japanese culture. Advance reservations are often required, so if you wish to participate, it is important to check the latest information on the official website and apply in a planned manner.

Sumo Museum (Ryogoku, Tokyo)

At the Sumo Museum attached to the Ryogoku Kokugikan, you can learn about the history and culture of sumo, as well as the footsteps of famous sumo wrestlers. There is a wealth of materials and exhibits related to sumo, allowing you to experience the deep history and cultural background of sumo.
These places are suitable not only for watching sumo, but also for gaining a deeper understanding of the appeal of sumo through experience and learning. If you are interested in sumo, you should definitely visit these places. 

6. Finally

The traditional sport of sumo offers us much more than just sumo wrestlers competing in the ring. It is like a mirror that reflects Japanese culture, history, and spirituality. Through this article, we have delved into the basics of sumo, its appeal, and introduced places where you can enjoy sumo.

Learning about sumo is nothing less than learning about Japan. By learning about the history of sumo, you can reminisce about the good old days of Japan. You can also learn various life lessons from sumo wrestling techniques, fighting styles, and the lives of sumo wrestlers. Furthermore, watching a game at the Ryogoku Kokugikan, practicing at a sumo experience facility, and learning at the Sumo Museum are great opportunities to experience the deep appeal of the sport of sumo.