🕓 2025/1/12
#Culture
A Detailed Guide to Production Methods and Creating Original Hanging Scrolls
Table of Contents
- What Is a Hanging Scroll?
- Structure and Materials of Hanging Scrolls
- Production Process of Hanging Scrolls
- Hanging Scroll Making Experience
- Hanging Scroll Production through OEM Orders
Introduction
掛け軸は、日本の伝統的な室内装飾品であり、その美しさと文化的な意義は今なお多くの人々に愛されています。本記事では、掛け軸の基本的な説明から、その構造や材料、制作工程、そしてオリジナルHanging Scroll Making ExperienceやOEM注文について詳しく紹介します。
This article provides detailed explanations of the structure, materials needed for production, and the production process of hanging scrolls, making it easy to understand even for beginners. We hope this is an opportunity for you to deepen your knowledge and understanding of hanging scrolls, which symbolize Japanese aesthetics and culture.
*Images are for illustrative purposes only
What Is a Hanging Scroll?
A kakejiku (hanging scroll) is a traditional Japanese interior decoration consisting of calligraphy or paintings mounted on fabric or paper. Primarily hung in the tokonoma (alcove), they are changed according to seasons, events, and guests to create atmosphere in the room.
Its origins date back to the Asuka period, when it was introduced to Japan as Buddhist paintings along with the transmission of Buddhism. From the Kamakura period onward, with the popularity of ink wash painting and the development of the tea ceremony, hanging scrolls as artworks became widely popular. Hanging scrolls have named parts including “ten” (heaven) at the top, “chi” (earth) at the bottom, and “honshi” (main paper) in the center, each carrying symbolic meaning。
Additionally, diverse designs exist depending on the mounting style and types of fabric used. Even in modern times, hanging scrolls remain indispensable as decorations in tea rooms and Japanese-style rooms, symbolizing Japanese aesthetics and traditions, and are cherished as a means of expressing seasonal changes and sentiments。
Structure and Materials of Hanging Scrolls
A hanging scroll is a traditional Japanese decorative item made by mounting calligraphy or paintings on fabric or paper for viewing. The structure of a hanging scroll is primarily composed of the following parts.
■ Honshi (Main Paper)
The honshi is the central part of the hanging scroll, referring to the paper or silk portion where calligraphy or paintings are rendered. This is the main element of the scroll, and in the case of calligraphy, it contains Chinese poems, haiku, maxims, and other works written in ink. High-quality washi (Japanese paper) or silk is often used as the material for the honshi, which helps preserve the longevity and beauty of the work.
■ Tenchi (Heaven and Earth)
The tenchi are the fabric or paper sections attached above and below the honshi, used to protect the work and enhance its appearance. The upper part is called “ten” (heaven) and the lower part “chi” (earth). The colors and patterns of the tenchi are selected to match the content of the honshi, serving to create overall harmony. The balance between heaven and earth is particularly important in determining the overall beauty of the hanging scroll.
■ Chumawaski (Middle Border)
The chumawashi is the fabric or paper section that surrounds the honshi on all four sides. It serves a decorative function and has the effect of making the work stand out. Colors and patterns that match the atmosphere and theme of the work are selected for the chumawashi, making it an important element in adjusting the overall aesthetic balance.
■ Futai (Wind Bands)
Futai are the narrow strips of cloth that hang down from the top of the hanging scroll. Originally used to protect the honshi from wind, they now play an important decorative role. The selection of colors and patterns for the futai is important as they add movement and accent to the scroll design.
■ Ichimonji (Single-line Border)
The ichimonji are the narrow fabric strips above and below the honshi that serve a decorative function. They are often given especially luxurious decorations and serve to elevate the formality of the entire hanging scroll. The materials and colors of the ichimonji are carefully selected to match the theme and setting of the scroll.
■ Jikusaki (Roller Knobs)
The jikusaki are the wooden or bamboo pieces at both ends of the bottom of the hanging scroll, designed to make rolling the scroll easier. They play an important role in storing the scroll and are also designed as decorative elements. Traditional jikusaki may use expensive materials such as ivory or lacquer.
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Production Process of Hanging Scrolls
The production of hanging scrolls is a traditional process that requires delicate work and high-level skills. Below, we provide a detailed introduction to the general production process of hanging scrolls.
1. Design and Preparation of the Main Paper
In the production of hanging scrolls, the preparation of the honshi (main paper) is the first important step. Silk and washi (Japanese paper) are the main materials used. Kenpon (silk base) is characterized by its smooth texture and luster, resulting in a luxurious finish. Washi features a warm texture and durability, with handmade washi being considered especially high quality.
The calligraphy and paintings on the honshi are created using ink and pigments. Ink is suitable for calligraphy works and ink wash paintings, with the beauty of its gradations and lines enhancing the appeal of the work. Pigments are used for colorful paintings and are also used in Japanese paintings and contemporary art scrolls.
2. Backing the Main Paper (Urauchi)
The process of reinforcing the honshi with thin paper called urauchi-gami (backing paper) is extremely important in hanging scroll production. This backing work improves the durability of the scroll and makes it easier to roll. Backing is performed to reinforce the honshi and prevent wrinkles and sagging. In particular, honshi made of washi or silk is easily deformed by humidity and dryness, so it needs to be stabilized through backing. Additionally, backing makes the honshi easier to roll and helps prevent damage during storage.
3. Selection and Cutting of Mounting Fabric
The selection and cutting of kireji (mounting fabric) is an important element that enhances the beauty of hanging scrolls. There are various types of kireji, and their selection and cutting are extremely important. For kireji selection, kinran (gold brocade), donsu (damask), and plain fabrics are mainly used. Kinran is a luxurious fabric with gold or silver foil woven into a twill or satin weave structure, used for formal hanging scrolls. Donsu is a woven fabric that expresses patterns using different warp and weft threads, with many traditional patterns used. Plain fabric has no patterns and highlights simple beauty.
Patterns on mounting fabrics include yusoku patterns, auspicious patterns, and botanical patterns. Yusoku patterns are traditional patterns dating from the Heian period, used on court noble garments. Auspicious patterns carry meanings of praying for good fortune and longevity, including crane-turtle and treasure motifs. Botanical patterns include arabesque, peony, and chrysanthemum designs, expressing seasonal feelings and natural beauty.
4. Joining the Main Paper and Mounting Fabric
“Joining the honshi and kireji” refers to the process of connecting the honshi (painting or calligraphy) at the center of the hanging scroll with the kireji (fabric) that decorates its surroundings. This process is an extremely important task that affects the overall beauty and durability of the hanging scroll. Artisans carefully join the two using paste, paying meticulous attention to prevent gaps or distortions. They also pursue a beautiful finish while considering the appearance of the joints.
5. Attaching Wind Bands and Weights
Futai are thin fabric strips attached to the top of the hanging scroll, with two strips typically hanging down. Originally used to prevent the scroll from swaying in the wind, they are now primarily used for decorative purposes. Fuchin are weights attached to both ends of the scroll, serving to stabilize it against wind.
Fuchin are made from various materials such as ceramics, porcelain, agate, crystal, and ebony. In modern housing, where airtightness is high, fuchin have taken on primarily decorative significance.
6. Final Adjustments and Finishing
“Final adjustments and finishing” in hanging scroll production refers to the process of making final fine adjustments to enhance overall completeness and perfecting the beauty and functionality of the work. This work includes checking the overall balance of the scroll, final fixing of pasted sections, and adjusting wrinkles or uneven areas. Final cleaning and inspection are also performed to protect the hanging scroll.
Fully Custom Hanging Scroll Production Service “Bes Kakeji”
・What Is Custom-Made Production “Bes Kakeji”?
“Bes Kakeji” is a one-of-a-kind gift that fuses Japan’s traditional naming calligraphy culture with modern custom-made techniques. You can freely specify everything from size, color, and paper quality to design details, and its greatest appeal is that it can directly translate the orderer’s wishes into form.
Furthermore, skilled mounting artisans and calligraphers carefully craft each piece individually, ensuring guaranteed quality. Having specialist hanging scroll artisans involved in the production, with original design possible from the creation of the work to the selection of the mounting – this is what makes full custom ordering special.
◼ Benefits of Using Bes Kakeji
When considering custom-made hanging scrolls, you may have concerns such as “I don’t have specialized knowledge,” “I don’t know how to place an order,” or “I’m worried about conveying my image properly.” At Bes Kakeji, we resolve customer concerns and realize ideal hanging scroll creation through the following support system.
Dedicated Support from a Personal Representative:
An experienced representative will carefully listen to your vague images and requests and propose specific design plans. Feel free to consult with us even without specialized knowledge.Fully Customizable:
Not only the content of calligraphy and designs, but also the scroll size, honshi (the part where calligraphy/painting is done) material (washi, silk, etc.), mounting fabric colors and patterns, and roller knob designs can all be freely selected and customized down to the finest details.Fusion of Tradition and Innovation:
While preserving traditional handcraft techniques by skilled artisans, we also actively incorporate modern production techniques and new materials, enabling the creation of innovative, highly designed works that are not confined to the conventional framework of hanging scrolls.
◼ Selectable Production Plans
You can choose from the following three plans based on your budget and preferences.
| Plan Name | Size | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Light | Compact | A compact-sized hanging scroll designed to your specifications. Template-based + adjustments available. |
| Standard | Standard size | Features brush calligraphy and washi materials for a moderately authentic specification. A plan with an excellent price-to-value balance. |
| Premium | Standard size以上 | Fully custom-ordered. Calligraphy and decorations are all handmade from scratch, finished as a one-of-a-kind masterpiece. |
Hanging Scroll Making Experience
■ Scrothing Picture（東京都豊島区）
Scrothing Pictureは、東京都豊島区巣鴨にある施設で提供されているオリジナル掛け軸制作体験サービスです。このサービスでは、お客様自身の画像やデータを使用して、オリジナルの掛け軸を制作することができます。You can choose from the following three plans based on your お気に入りの画像やデータを事前に提供し、掛け軸用に調整した後、専用の和紙に印刷されます。使用する素材の色や柄を選び、専用のデジタル落款を作成することで、自分だけのオリジナル掛け軸を完成させることができます。
The hanging scroll production experience can be easily enjoyed even by beginners, allowing you to create a special piece with your own hands. By utilizing options such as photography and kimono rental, an even more fulfilling experience is possible. If you are interested, please try it at least once.
・Source / Official Website: https://new-function.com/collaboration/scrothing-picture/
■ Kyoto Shunju Hyogushi Workshop
At Kyoto Shunju Hyogushi Workshop, tours and hands-on experiences led by first-class hyogushi (mounting artisans) are offered. Hyogushi are artisans who craft hanging scrolls, fusuma sliding doors, shoji screens, and more, and you can learn their advanced techniques up close. In this experience, you can feel the depth of traditional techniques while actually creating part of a hanging scroll.
Learning techniques directly from professional artisans and being able to create traditional crafts with your own hands makes this an extremely valuable experience.
・Source / Official Website: https://kyotoshunju.co.jp/?p=190
Hanging Scroll Production through OEM Orders
■ Taniguchi Shoyudo
Taniguchi Shoyudo, a Kyoto-based washi product manufacturer, offers original hanging scroll production services. The company uses traditional washi and embossed paper to craft original designs into hanging scrolls. High-precision offset printing and inkjet printers are used for printing, followed by professional machine-mounting processing by a domestic mounting manufacturer. This achieves high quality at low prices with short delivery times.
・Source / Official Website: https://www.taniguchi.co.jp/direct-order/kakeziku.html
■ HATTORI
HATTORI produces not only traditional hanging scrolls but also original hanging scrolls that can be used as tapestries. They create scrolls and tapestries using polyester materials with inkjet printing, accommodating applications such as character goods. With abundant choices for mounting fabrics and ichimonji borders, production can proceed in consultation with skilled hyogushi artisans.
・Source / Official Website: https://hattoribana.co.jp/sales/item/kakejiku/
In Closing
Through this article, we have provided a detailed introduction from basic knowledge about hanging scrolls to their structure, production process, and original hanging scroll making experiences and OEM ordering. Hanging scrolls are important artworks that symbolize Japanese aesthetics and culture, and their beauty and deep cultural significance continue to be loved by many people today.
We hope that these traditional artworks will continue to be loved by many people and that their beauty and culture will be passed on to future generations.